ACT for Misophonia: The Evidence

There is a reason why telling someone with misophonia to "just ignore it" does not work. It is not a mindset problem. It is not a lack of effort. The trigger response is neurological — it activates before conscious thought and cannot be suppressed by willpower alone.

Effective approaches for misophonia have to work with the nervous system, not against it. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is the approach with the strongest and fastest-growing evidence base for doing exactly that.

Traditional exposure therapy asks a person to repeatedly encounter a feared stimulus until the fear response diminishes through habituation. For phobias and classic anxiety disorders, this approach works well.

For misophonia, exposure alone has a problem. The response is not purely fear-based; it involves the motor mirroring system, the salience network, and the emotional-interoceptive circuitry of the anterior insular cortex. Simple repeated exposure without psychological scaffolding does not produce reliable habituation. In some cases, it worsens the response by increasing vigilance and anticipatory anxiety.

"The mechanism of misophonia is sufficiently distinct from standard anxiety that exposure without an acceptance-based framework is not only ineffective but potentially counterproductive." — Clinical review, 2023

What is needed is not just exposure, but a fundamentally different relationship with the internal experience that arises during exposure. That is what ACT provides.

ACT does not ask you to change your thoughts or suppress your feelings. It asks you to change your relationship with them.

The six core processes of ACT, applied to misophonia:

• Acceptance: The trigger response is neurological. It is not a choice. Accepting its presence (rather than fighting it) removes the second layer of suffering — the distress about the distress.
• Cognitive defusion: Separating from the thoughts that follow the trigger. Moving from "I cannot handle this" to "I am noticing the thought that I cannot handle this." Same content, fundamentally different relationship.
• Present moment awareness: Staying with the actual current experience rather than catastrophising into the future or ruminating about the past.
• Self as context: You are not your reactions. The part of you that notices the trigger response is not the same as the response itself.
• Values clarification: What matters to you beyond avoiding triggers? Connection? Presence? Work? Relationships? Identifying values provides a direction for action that is not determined by avoidance.
• Committed action: Taking meaningful steps toward values even when the trigger response is present. Not because the discomfort disappears, but because the values matter more.

The first published ACT case study for misophonia was conducted by Petersen and Twohig (2023). A single participant with clinically significant misophonia received a structured ACT protocol over several sessions.

Results showed: - Significant reduction in misophonia severity scores - Reduced behavioural avoidance - Improved quality of life ratings - Gains maintained at follow-up assessment

The case established the proof-of-concept for ACT as a misophonia treatment and provided the foundation for the subsequent RCT.

In 2025, Twohig's team published the results of a randomised controlled trial of ACT for misophonia.. only the third RCT ever conducted for the condition.

The trial compared a structured ACT protocol to a waitlist control. Results showed significant improvements in misophonia severity in the treatment group, with effect sizes comparable to those seen in CBT trials for anxiety disorders.

This matters enormously for a field that has operated largely on case studies and clinical wisdom. An RCT with significant outcomes is the standard that healthcare systems, insurance providers, and clinical guidelines require.

Jager et al. (2021) ran the most well-known clinical trial for misophonia to date: a group CBT program in the Netherlands that produced striking results.

37% of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for misophonia after treatment. In a condition with no established first-line therapy, this is clinically meaningful.

The Jager protocol incorporated elements that closely overlap with ACT: cognitive restructuring, acceptance of the emotional response, values-based behavioural goals, and — crucially — a group format that provided normalisation, co-regulation, and peer support.

The group component matters. Misophonia is profoundly isolating. Doing the therapeutic work alongside others who genuinely understand the experience changes something at a neurological level — the nervous system receives a co-regulation signal from the group itself.

The Unified Protocol (UP), a transdiagnostic emotion-based CBT developed at Boston University, was tested in young people with misophonia by Lewin's team. The UP shares core mechanisms with ACT: emotion acceptance, present-focused awareness, and approach behaviour rather than avoidance.

Results showed 54% of young participants meeting responder criteria — a meaningful outcome given the developmental stakes of early-onset misophonia.

The evidence is clear enough to act on, even if it is not yet complete. The approaches that work for misophonia have common features:

• They do not ask you to suppress or eliminate the trigger response
• They build your relationship with the internal experience so it has less control over your behaviour
• They connect you to what matters beyond avoidance
• They work better in groups than alone

The nervous system did not learn its current patterns in isolation. It learns best in connection. That is why the evidence for group-based and community-supported approaches continues to be strong.